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<p style="line-height: 36px"><font style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 宋体">　　手术目前仍是治疗口腔颌面肿瘤的主要和有效方法，适用于良性肿瘤或用射线及化疗不能治愈的恶性肿瘤。手术时必须遵循肿瘤外科原则，对恶性肿瘤必须完全、彻底切除。对可能发生淋巴转移的恶性肿瘤，还应进行颈淋巴清扫术，争取第一次彻底治愈，临床上称为&ldquo;根治术&rdquo;。近年来，由于免疫学等的成就和综合治疗手段的提高，多趋向于适当限制手术&ldquo;根治&rdquo;范围，以保持机体功能，提高生活质量，称为保存性功能外科（conservative functional surgery）。肿瘤扩大根治后，缺损的部位可以用配戴修复体的方法在术后维持和恢复一定功能与外形，称为赝复治疗。<br style="font-family: " />
　　恶性肿瘤且手术中，为防止手术时瘤细胞播散，在手术中应严格遵守&ldquo;无瘤操作&rdquo;原则：保证切除手术在正常组织内进行；避免切破肿瘤，污染手术野；防止挤压瘤体；应行整体切除不宜分块挖出；对肿瘤外露部分应用纱布覆盖、缝包；表面溃疡的，可采用电灼或化学药物处理；缝合前应用大量低渗盐水及化学药物冲洗；缝合创口时更换手套及器械；还可采用电刀，术中及术后局部应用化疗药物。对可疑残存的肿瘤，辅以其它辅助治疗。<br style="font-family: " />
　　对不能进行根治手术的病员，有时也可采用姑息性手术，以解除并发症。肿瘤过于广泛或多处远隔转移的不适于手术，全身情况差的也要慎重手术。</font></p>]]></text_content><size>1K</size></text></warexml_AB8AGI_5254_1943_kqwww_25>
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